{"id":1302,"date":"2025-03-21T13:52:43","date_gmt":"2025-03-21T12:52:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/la-cortigiana.it\/?p=1302"},"modified":"2025-07-25T11:46:35","modified_gmt":"2025-07-25T10:46:35","slug":"how-to-become-the-pope-if-youre-a-pirate-a-rapist-and-just-really-damn-charming-the-wild-life-of-baldassare-cossa-antipope-john-xxiii","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/la-cortigiana.it\/fr\/how-to-become-the-pope-if-youre-a-pirate-a-rapist-and-just-really-damn-charming-the-wild-life-of-baldassare-cossa-antipope-john-xxiii\/","title":{"rendered":"Comment devenir pape si vous \u00eates un pirate, un violeur et tout simplement tr\u00e8s charmant : la vie sauvage de Baldassare Cossa (antipape Jean XXIII)"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"\"<\/figure>
\n

\u00catre pirate au Moyen \u00c2ge ne se r\u00e9sumait pas \u00e0 des tr\u00e9sors et des tavernes. Non, non. C'\u00e9tait une carri\u00e8re l\u00e9gitime. On cambriole quelques \u00e9glises, on fait fondre des calices en or, on revend le butin contre de l'argent \u2013 et hop, on s'ach\u00e8te un \u00e9v\u00each\u00e9. F\u00e9licitations, on est d\u00e9sormais l'\u00c9glise. On pardonne les p\u00e9ch\u00e9s. On m\u00e8ne la barque. Dans quelques ann\u00e9es, et si on a le cran, on pourrait bien devenir pape.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les couilles de Baldassare Cossa \u00e9taient en acier. Ce type ne se contentait pas de r\u00eaver grand\u00a0: il s'est infiltr\u00e9 dans les habits papaux par le pillage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsqu'il fut finalement chass\u00e9 du tr\u00f4ne papal (sous le nom d'antipape Jean XXIII, \u00e0 ne pas confondre avec le plus tardif, moins piquant, Jean XXIII), l'\u00c9glise le frappa de 74 chefs d'accusation. Parmi eux\u00a0: piraterie, viol de 300 religieuses, sodomie, torture d'\u00e9v\u00eaques, empoisonnement d'un ancien pape, vente d'offices eccl\u00e9siastiques et une charmante petite orgie familiale impliquant maman, papa, enfants et Dieu sait qui d'autre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Les gens plaisantaient : \u00ab 74 chefs d'accusation ? Allez, il est coupable de peut-\u00eatre la moiti\u00e9 ! \u00bb Et le comble ? Il v\u00e9cut heureux et s'est fait sculpter une tombe par ce salaud de Donatello. Parce que soyons honn\u00eates, tout le monde aime les salauds charismatiques.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vue du golfe de Naples depuis l'\u00eele de Procida (1847)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00e9 pour voler, b\u00e9ni pour p\u00e9cher<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Baldassare est n\u00e9 en 1370 sur l'\u00eele de Procida, au large de Naples. Son p\u00e8re \u00e9tait comte, ses fr\u00e8res \u00e9taient pirates et son fr\u00e8re a\u00een\u00e9 portait le titre officiel d'\u00ab amiral de la flotte pirate \u00bb. Un beau parcours familial.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 13 ans, Baldassare a rejoint l'entreprise familiale\u00a0: il a incendi\u00e9 des villes, vol\u00e9 des marchandises et commis des viols et des pillages. Mais \u00e0 20\u00a0ans, maman en a eu assez. \u00ab\u00a0Mon ch\u00e9ri\u00a0\u00bb, a-t-elle probablement dit, \u00ab\u00a0arr\u00eate de piller les couvents et va faire une vraie \u00e9ducation.\u00a0\u00bb Et comme tout bon gar\u00e7on, il l'a \u00e9cout\u00e9e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il entra \u00e0 l'Universit\u00e9 de Bologne pour \u00e9tudier la th\u00e9ologie. \u00c9tudier la Parole de Dieu \u00e9tait \u00e9tonnamment facile pour un homme qui avait pass\u00e9 son adolescence \u00e0 incendier des villages c\u00f4tiers. Naturellement, il forma un gang \u00e9tudiant appel\u00e9 les \u00ab Dix Diables \u00bb \u2013 car la subtilit\u00e9 n'\u00e9tait pas vraiment son truc. Ils volaient, se battaient et se livraient \u00e0 des rackets mineurs sur le campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre examens et extorsion, il tomba litt\u00e9ralement amoureux d'une sorci\u00e8re. Elle s'appelait Yandra della Scala, officiellement d\u00e9sign\u00e9e comme telle par l'Inquisition. Elle \u00e9tait intelligente, bruyante et bien trop s\u00e9duisante pour le XIVe si\u00e8cle. Alors, bien s\u00fbr, ils la br\u00fbl\u00e8rent sur le b\u00fbcher.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Baldassare ne le prit pas bien. Il poignarda deux inquisiteurs et fut jet\u00e9 en prison. Ses amis pirates le lib\u00e9r\u00e8rent et, ensemble, ils mirent le feu \u00e0 la moiti\u00e9 de Bologne. Pr\u00eatres morts, \u00e9glises d\u00e9truites, \u00e9meutes g\u00e9n\u00e9ralis\u00e9es. Fin des cours.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour \u00e0 la mer, retour au p\u00e9ch\u00e9<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>
\n

Baldassare et sa bande reprirent la mer\u00a0: plus de piraterie, plus de moines incendi\u00e9s, plus de monast\u00e8res pill\u00e9s \u00e0 l'aveuglette. Ils vendirent des nonnes comme esclaves. Ils br\u00fbl\u00e8rent des autels juste parce qu'ils le pouvaient. Dieu s'enflamma. Une \u00e9norme temp\u00eate plus tard, toute leur flotte coula.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Flottant seul, crachant de l'eau de mer, Baldassare regarda le ciel et dit : \u00ab Si je survis \u00e0 cela, je deviendrai pr\u00eatre. \u00bb<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il a surv\u00e9cu. Et a \u00e9t\u00e9 imm\u00e9diatement captur\u00e9 par un psychopathe sadique\u00a0: le pape Urbain VI. Cet homme adorait la torture et parler de l'Enfer. \u00c9trangement, ils s'entendaient bien.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Urbain fut \u00e9trangement touch\u00e9 par l'histoire de Baldassare et demanda : \u00ab Tu veux \u00eatre mon bourreau ? \u00bb Pas vraiment le genre de poste qu'on refuse. Alors Baldassare commen\u00e7a \u00e0 torturer des \u00e9v\u00eaques pour la gloire de Dieu. Il finit par \u00eatre ordonn\u00e9. F\u00e9licitations\u00a0! Le pirate \u00e9tait d\u00e9sormais pr\u00eatre. La boucle \u00e9tait boucl\u00e9e, non\u00a0?<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Du muscle \u00e0 la mitre<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Urbain mourut (peut-\u00eatre naturellement, peut-\u00eatre pas), et le pape suivant, Beno\u00eet XIII, garda Baldassare aupr\u00e8s de lui, mais garda ses distances. Cet homme \u00e9tait terrifiant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour tester sa loyaut\u00e9, Beno\u00eet XVI l'envoya \u00e9craser une r\u00e9bellion \u2013 \u00e0 Bologne, justement. Aucune larme ne fut vers\u00e9e pour l'alma mater. Baldassare \u00e9touffa la r\u00e9volte avec une telle brutalit\u00e9 que m\u00eame les inquisiteurs les plus aguerris en furent \u00e9c\u0153ur\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il a alors tent\u00e9 un coup de force\u00a0: il a demand\u00e9 Bologne en cadeau. Et il l'a obtenu. Les rues o\u00f9 il avait autrefois agress\u00e9 des \u00e9tudiants lui appartenaient d\u00e9sormais officiellement. Il a \u00e9t\u00e9 promu \u00e9v\u00eaque en soudoyant tout le monde, bien s\u00fbr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Et c'est l\u00e0 qu'il s'est ennuy\u00e9. Les \u00e9v\u00eaques, c'\u00e9tait cool, certes, mais les papes\u00a0? \u00c7a, c'\u00e9tait sexy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bienvenue au Grand Incendie de la Poubelle Papale<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>
\n

\u00c0 l'\u00e9poque, l'\u00c9glise catholique traversait ce que les historiens appellent poliment \u00ab\u00a0une crise\u00a0\u00bb. Il y avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 deux papes \u2013 l'un \u00e0 Rome, l'autre \u00e0 Avignon \u2013 et chacun accusait l'autre d'\u00eatre un imposteur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Alors, qu'a fait Baldassare ? Il s'est fait troisi\u00e8me.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il rassembla quelques \u00e9v\u00eaques (rappel amical\u00a0: ils savaient qu\u2019il aimait torturer) et tint un concile \u00e0 Pise. L\u00e0, ils \u00e9lirent un troisi\u00e8me pape, Alexandre V \u2013 un vieil homme, une marionnette parfaite. Un an plus tard, Alexandre mourut comme par hasard, et surprise\u00a0! Baldassare devint le pape Jean XXIII.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trois papes. Une seule \u00c9glise. Le chaos total.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les gens n'y ont pas pr\u00eat\u00e9 attention. \u00ab Certes, c'est un pirate, un violeur, peut-\u00eatre un escroc, mais il est plut\u00f4t sympathique \u00bb, ont-ils dit. Et la foule a afflu\u00e9.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

La chute du diable charmant<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Mais toute bonne h\u00e9r\u00e9sie doit cesser. En 1415, le concile de Constance r\u00e9unit tous les acteurs importants \u2013 empereurs, rois, cardinaux \u2013 et d\u00e9clara : \u00ab Assez de ce cirque. \u00bb<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ils ont d\u00e9pos\u00e9 les trois papes. Baldassare a \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9 de 74 chefs d'accusation, dont vente de reliques, n\u00e9gation de l'au-del\u00e0, relations sexuelles avec sa propre petite-fille et manipulation des march\u00e9s mon\u00e9taires. (\u00c7a fait mal, non\u00a0?)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'est \u00e9vad\u00e9 de prison une fois. Il s'est fait prendre. On l'y a renvoy\u00e9. Puis il s'est tir\u00e9 d'affaire avec 38\u00a0000 florins d'or. Ce n'est pas une faute de frappe. C'est le prix \u00e0 payer pour \u00eatre libre quand on est un h\u00e9r\u00e9tique VIP.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il eut l'audace de demander au nouveau pape de le r\u00e9int\u00e9grer comme \u00e9v\u00eaque. Et le pape dit\u2026 oui. Il lui rendit Bologne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il v\u00e9cut tranquillement quelques ann\u00e9es, mourut d'un cancer et re\u00e7ut une tombe majestueuse sculpt\u00e9e par Donatello. S\u00e9rieusement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La chute ? La banque a gagn\u00e9.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>
\n

On pourrait croire que c'est la fin. Mais non. Il y a un rebondissement final.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un jour, Baldassare entra dans la banque des M\u00e9dicis pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer l'argent qu'il avait d\u00e9pos\u00e9 lorsqu'il \u00e9tait pape. Le banquier le regarda droit dans les yeux et lui dit : \u00ab D\u00e9sol\u00e9, j'ai pris de l'argent au pape Jean XXIII. Ce n'est plus vous. \u00bb<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s'est fait arnaquer. Le pirate s'est fait pirater.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C'est \u00e0 ce moment-l\u00e0, mes amis, que le pouvoir a bascul\u00e9 pour toujours, des papes aux banquiers. Et il en est ainsi depuis.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Being a pirate in the Middle Ages wasn\u2019t just about treasure and taverns. No no. It was a legit career […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1310,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"nf_dc_page":"","googlesitekit_rrm_CAowrc_CDA:productID":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[238],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1302","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-art-history"],"yoast_head":"\nHow to Become the Pope if You\u2019re a Pirate, a Rapist, and Just Really Damn Charming: The Wild Life of Baldassare Cossa (Antipope John XXIII) -<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/la-cortigiana.it\/fr\/how-to-become-the-pope-if-youre-a-pirate-a-rapist-and-just-really-damn-charming-the-wild-life-of-baldassare-cossa-antipope-john-xxiii\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"How to Become the Pope if You\u2019re a Pirate, a Rapist, and Just Really Damn Charming: The Wild Life of Baldassare Cossa (Antipope John XXIII)\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Being a pirate in the Middle Ages wasn\u2019t just about treasure and taverns. 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