{"id":1302,"date":"2025-03-21T13:52:43","date_gmt":"2025-03-21T12:52:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/la-cortigiana.it\/?p=1302"},"modified":"2025-07-25T11:46:35","modified_gmt":"2025-07-25T10:46:35","slug":"how-to-become-the-pope-if-youre-a-pirate-a-rapist-and-just-really-damn-charming-the-wild-life-of-baldassare-cossa-antipope-john-xxiii","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/la-cortigiana.it\/nl\/how-to-become-the-pope-if-youre-a-pirate-a-rapist-and-just-really-damn-charming-the-wild-life-of-baldassare-cossa-antipope-john-xxiii\/","title":{"rendered":"Hoe je paus wordt als je een piraat, een verkrachter en gewoon heel charmant bent: Het wilde leven van Baldassare Cossa (tegenpaus Johannes XXIII)"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"\"<\/figure>
\n

Piraat zijn in de middeleeuwen ging niet alleen om schatten en herbergen. Nee, nee. Het was een legitiem carri\u00e8repad. Je berooft een paar kerken, smelt wat gouden kelken, verkoopt de buit voor geld \u2014 en boem, je koopt jezelf een bisdom. Gefeliciteerd, je bent nu de kerk. Jij vergeeft zonden. Jij runt de show. Geef het een paar jaar en als je ballen groot genoeg zijn, word je misschien wel de paus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Baldassare Cossa's ballen waren van staal. Deze gast droomde niet alleen groot \u2014 hij plunderde zijn weg naar pauselijke gewaden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Toen ze hem uiteindelijk van de pauselijke troon schopten (als tegenpaus Johannes XXIII, niet te verwarren met de latere, minder pittige Johannes XXIII), bestookte de kerk hem met 74 aanklachten. Daaronder: piraterij, verkrachting van 300 nonnen, sodomie, martelen van bisschoppen, vergiftiging van een vorige paus, verkoop van kerkelijke ambten en een charmante kleine familieorgie met moeder, vader, kinderen en God weet wie nog meer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Mensen grapten: "74 aanklachten? Kom op, hij is schuldig aan misschien de helft!" En de clou? Hij leefde nog lang en gelukkig en kreeg een graftombe van verdomde Donatello. Want laten we eerlijk zijn: iedereen houdt van een charismatische klootzak.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Een uitzicht op de Golf van Napels vanaf het eiland Procida (1847)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Geboren om te stelen, gezegend om te zondigen<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Baldassare werd geboren in 1370 op het eiland Procida, voor de kust van Napels. Zijn vader was graaf, zijn broers waren piraten en zijn oudste broer had de offici\u00eble titel \u201cAdmiraal van de Piratenvloot.\u201d Mooi familie-cv.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Op zijn dertiende sloot Baldassare zich aan bij de familiebusiness: steden in brand steken, vracht stelen en zich bezighouden met het hele verkrachtings- en plunderingsgedoe. Maar op zijn twintigste had moeder er genoeg van. "Schatje," zei ze waarschijnlijk, "stop met het plunderen van kloosters en ga een echte opleiding volgen." En zoals elke brave jongen luisterde hij.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hij ging naar de Universiteit van Bologna om theologie te studeren. Het bestuderen van Gods woord was verrassend makkelijk voor een man die zijn tienerjaren had doorgebracht met het in brand steken van kustdorpjes. Natuurlijk vormde hij een studentenbende genaamd de "Ten Devils" \u2014 want subtiliteit was niet echt zijn ding. Ze beroofden, vochten en hielden zich bezig met kleine praktijken op de campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ergens tussen examens en afpersing door, viel hij voor een heks \u2014 letterlijk. Haar naam was Yandra della Scala, officieel zo gelabeld door de Inquisitie. Ze was slim, luidruchtig en veel te heet voor de 14e eeuw. Dus natuurlijk verbrandden ze haar op de brandstapel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Baldassare kon dat niet goed verwerken. Hij stak twee inquisiteurs neer en werd in de gevangenis gegooid. Zijn piratenvrienden bevrijdden hem en samen staken ze de helft van Bologna in brand. Dode priesters, vernielde kerken, regelrechte rel. De les was afgelopen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Terug naar de zee, terug naar de zonde<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>
\n

Baldassare en zijn bende gingen weer de zee op \u2014 meer piraterij, meer monniken in brand, meer kloosters die blind werden beroofd. Ze verkochten nonnen als slaven. Ze verbrandden altaren, gewoon omdat ze dat konden. God werd boos. E\u00e9n enorme storm later zonk hun hele vloot.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Terwijl hij alleen dreef en zeewater ophoestte, keek Baldassare naar de hemel en zei: "Als ik dit overleef, word ik priester."<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hij overleefde. En werd meteen gevangen genomen door een sadistische psychopaat \u2014 Paus Urbanus VI. Deze man hield van martelen en praten over de hel. Vreemd genoeg konden ze goed met elkaar overweg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Urban was vreemd ontroerd door Baldassare's verhaal en vroeg: "Wil je mijn beul zijn?" Niet bepaald een baan die je afslaat. Dus Baldassare begon bisschoppen te martelen voor de glorie van God. Uiteindelijk werd hij gewijd. Gefeliciteerd \u2014 de piraat was nu priester. De cirkel is rond, toch?<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Van spier tot mijter<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Urbanus stierf (misschien op natuurlijke wijze, misschien ook niet), en de volgende paus, Benedictus XIII, hield Baldassare in de buurt maar hield afstand. De man was angstaanjagend.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Om zijn loyaliteit te testen, stuurde Benedict hem om een opstand neer te slaan \u2014 in Bologna, nota bene. Er werden geen tranen geplengd voor de alma mater. Baldassare vernietigde de opstand zo bruut dat zelfs doorgewinterde inquisiteurs er misselijk van werden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Toen deed hij een machtsgreep: hij vroeg Bologna als cadeau. En kreeg het. Straten waar hij ooit studenten had beroofd, waren nu officieel van hem. Hij kreeg promotie tot bisschop door natuurlijk iedereen om te kopen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En toen verveelde hij zich. Bisschoppen waren cool, zeker, maar pausen? Dat was sexy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Welkom bij de Grote Pauselijke Vuilnisbakbrand<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>
\n

In die tijd maakte de Katholieke Kerk wat historici beleefd een \u2018crisis\u2019 noemen, door. Er waren al twee pausen \u2013 \u00e9\u00e9n in Rome, \u00e9\u00e9n in Avignon \u2013 en beiden beweerden dat de ander een bedrieger was.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dus wat deed Baldassare? Hij maakte zichzelf tot derde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hij verzamelde een aantal bisschoppen (vriendelijke herinnering: ze wisten dat hij graag mensen martelde) en hield een concilie in Pisa. Daar kozen ze een derde paus, Alexander V \u2014 een oude man, perfecte marionet. Een jaar later stierf Alexander toevallig, en verrassing! Baldassare werd paus Johannes XXIII.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Drie pausen. E\u00e9n kerk. Totale chaos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mensen vonden het niet erg. "Natuurlijk, hij is een piraat, verkrachter, mogelijke geitenneuker, maar hij is best aardig," zeiden ze. En de menigte stroomde toe.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

De val van de charmante duivel<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Maar alle goede ketterijen moeten eindigen. In 1415 verzamelde het Concilie van Konstanz alle serieuze spelers \u2014 keizers, koningen, kardinalen \u2014 en zei: \u201cGenoeg van dit circus.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ze zetten alle drie pausen af. Baldassare werd gestraft met 74 aanklachten, waaronder het verkopen van relikwie\u00ebn, het ontkennen van het hiernamaals, seks met zijn eigen kleindochter en het manipuleren van valutamarkten. (Die doet pijn, h\u00e8?)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hij ontsnapte een keer uit de gevangenis. Werd gepakt. Weer teruggegooid. En betaalde toen 38.000 gouden florijnen om vrij te komen. Geen typefout. Dat is hoeveel het kost om vrij rond te lopen als je een VIP-ketter bent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hij had de brutaliteit om de nieuwe paus te vragen hem te herstellen als bisschop. En de paus zei... ja. Gaf hem Bologna terug.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hij leefde een paar jaar rustig, stierf aan kanker en kreeg een majestueuze tombe gebeeldhouwd door Donatello. Echt waar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

De clou? De bank won.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>
\n

Je zou denken dat dit het einde is. Maar nee. Er is een laatste wending.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Op een dag liep Baldassare de Medici-bank binnen om het geld op te halen dat hij had gestort toen hij paus was. De bankier keek hem recht in de ogen en zei: "Sorry, ik heb geld van paus Johannes XXIII aangenomen. Dat ben jij niet meer."<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hij werd opgelicht. De piraat werd gepirateerd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dat, vrienden, is het moment waarop de macht voorgoed verschoof \u2014 van pausen naar bankiers. En dat is sindsdien zo gebleven.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Being a pirate in the Middle Ages wasn\u2019t just about treasure and taverns. No no. It was a legit career […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1310,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"nf_dc_page":"","googlesitekit_rrm_CAowrc_CDA:productID":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[238],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1302","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-art-history"],"yoast_head":"\nHow to Become the Pope if You\u2019re a Pirate, a Rapist, and Just Really Damn Charming: The Wild Life of Baldassare Cossa (Antipope John XXIII) -<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/la-cortigiana.it\/nl\/how-to-become-the-pope-if-youre-a-pirate-a-rapist-and-just-really-damn-charming-the-wild-life-of-baldassare-cossa-antipope-john-xxiii\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"nl_NL\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"How to Become the Pope if You\u2019re a Pirate, a Rapist, and Just Really Damn Charming: The Wild Life of Baldassare Cossa (Antipope John XXIII)\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Being a pirate in the Middle Ages wasn\u2019t just about treasure and taverns. 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